Mevlevi culinary culture
In the understanding of Mevlevi, the kitchen was of great importance in terms of being a place where dervishes were fed financially and where dervish candidates received spiritual training and matured in knowledge and manners. Here, both art and Mevlevi understanding were learned. In accordance with this special purpose of the kitchen, the name of the lodge was Matbah-ı Şerif by using the adjective "sheriff" meaning "valuable, honorable".
Mevlana's emphasis on spiritual nourishment within the understanding of Mevlevi, the similarity between food and the love of God in his works, the use of the kitchen as a place of education, and the deep meanings that Mevlevi culture ascribes to food and nutrition were considered important. With this study, it is aimed to indicate the characteristics of the Mevlevi culinary culture and the meanings and different perspectives attributed to the cuisine, nutrition and food in the Anatolian culinary culture .
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Nutritional habits of people from past to present; It has changed from society to society and from person to person under the influence of many factors such as past experiences, religious beliefs, traditions and customs. As a result of this, each society has a unique nutritional and culinary culture. In each of these different cuisines, cooking, preparation, table setting and the meanings attributed to them have also changed (Baysal, 2016, pp. 1-2).
Our country has a rich culinary culture that has its roots in the past and carries the traces of many civilizations that have existed on it. Accordingly, many local cuisine cultures with their own characteristics have existed in Anatolia (Güler, 2010, p. 26; Canbolat and Yaman, 2017, p. 97). Societies have symbolized the tangible products that are eaten, thinking that they not only provide material satisfaction but also spiritual satisfaction (Abdurrezzak, 2014, p. 3).
One of the best examples of this, the meanings attributed to the kitchen in the Mevlevi order was not only a place where food was cooked, but also an ordeal where the dervish candidates, who did not know the method of reaching God, received their first Sufi education and knowledge and were cooked and matured with Sufi training (Soysal, 2007, p. 41; Aksoy, Akbulut and İflazoğlu, 2016, p. 97; ).
Mevlana Celaleddin-i Rumi (1207-1273) is described as a great teacher of Sufism as a result of his statements on morality and discipline. In this sense, Mevlana is a lover of Rights that resonates with his life, personality and philosophy not only in Turkish-Islamic Civilization, but also in Western civilization and continues to be influential today with his works (Aksoy et al., 2016, p. 97; Batu, 2016, p. 29; Zerrinkûb, 2017). , pp. 154-155).
“The maturity of love is the union of the lover and the beloved, come away; Mevlana, who used countless food symbols in his ideas on the way to reach Allah, explained his philosophy of life with the words "Hamdım, Piştim, Burned" (Celâleddin, 1992, p. 228; Anonymous, 2017). Mevlana believed that the food gave meaning to the expressions in terms of the spiritual and mental benefits and the taste it left on the palate, and he used them. (Batu, 2016, p. 31).
In the Mevlevi culture, by establishing similarities between the spirituality process that people live and the cooking stages of the food, by giving mystical motifs and symbolic meanings to the material and cooking method of the food, this process has been transformed into a kind of worship and many rituals have emerged around it (Tosun, 2004, p. 123; Iyiyol, 2014, p. 591).
Together with the team formed within the framework of certain rules in the Mevlevi, the material and spiritual education of the dervishes in the kitchen, the cooker, who was responsible for this education, the hearth created in his memory, and the mausoleum made by using red colored stones because of his name when he died, show the respect shown to the kitchen in the 13th century. and reflects value (Halıcı, 2009, p. 19; Aksoy et al., 2016, p. 97).
It has been considered important to reveal these different meanings attributed to the kitchen by the Mevlevi, such as the kitchen being seen as a place of education in the Mevlevi, the cooking profession , which is given importance as the person who gives education, and the respect shown to this profession. With this study, it is aimed to reveal the rich features of the culinary culture in Mevlevi and the different meanings attributed to nutrition and food. For this purpose, the document review technique, one of the qualitative research methods, was used and a literature review was conducted using journals, books and articles.
Table Manners in Mevlevi
Due to the meanings attributed to the cuisine and the importance given to the cuisine in the Mevlevi, the phenomenon of food has turned into a ritual, and many foods and the consumption of these foods have become symbols that explain the theoretical and philosophical dimension of the sect. In this sense, food is considered important not as an act of nourishment, but also as a ritual, and different meanings have been attributed to worships determined by religion (Gündüzöz, 2016, p. 179).
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